AP Biology
Mostly Everything You Need to Know About AP Biology
Exam Outline
Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions
| Questions | Time | Exam Weight |
|---|---|---|
| 60 | 90 minutes | 50% |
Section 2: Free Response
| Questions | Time | Exam Weight |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 90 minutes | 50% |
A calculator is allowed in both sections, with an AP Biology Equations and Formula Sheet provided.
Course Content
Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
8%–11% of Exam Score
1.1 Moles and molar mass
1.2 Mass spectroscopy of elements
1.3 Elemental composition of pure substances
1.4 Composition of mixtures
1.5 Atomic structure and electron configuration
1.6 Photoelectron spectroscopy
1.7 Periodic trends
1.8 Valence electrons and ionic compounds
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
10%–13% of Exam Score
2.1 Types of chemical bonds
2.2 Intramolecular force and potential energy
2.3 Structure of ionic solids
2.4 Structure of metals and alloys
2.5 Lewis diagrams
2.6 Resonance and formal charge
2.7 VSEPR and bond hybridization
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
12%–16% of Exam Score
3.1 Intermolecular Forces
3.2 Properties of Solids
3.3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
3.4 Ideal Gas Law
3.5 Kinetic Molecular Theory
3.6 Deviation from Ideal Gas Law
3.7 Solutions and Mixtures
3.8 Representations of Solutions
3.9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography
3.10 Solubility
3.11 Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
3.12 Photoelectric Effect
3.13 Beer-Lambert Law
Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
10%–15% of Exam Score
4.1 Introduction for Reactions
4.2 Net-Ionic Equations
4.3 Representations of Reactions
4.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
4.5 Stoichiometry
4.6 Introduction to Titration
4.7 Types of Chemical Reactions
4.8 Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions
4.9 Oxidation-Reduction (REDOX) Reactions
Unit 5: Heredity
8%–11% of Exam Score
5.1 Reaction Rates
5.2 Introduction to Rate Law
5.3 Concentration Changes Over Time
5.4 Elementary Reactions
5.5 Collision Model
5.6 Reaction Energy Profile
5.7 Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms
5.8 Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law
5.9 Steady-State Approximation
5.10 Multistep Reaction Energy Profile
5.11 Catalysis
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
12%–16% of Exam Score
6.1 Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
6.2 Energy Diagrams
6.3 Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium
6.4 Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
6.5 Energy of Phase Changes
6.6 Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction
6.7 Bond Enthalpies
6.8 Enthalpy of Formation
6.9 Hess’s Law
Unit 7: Natural Selection
13%–20% of Exam Score
7.1 Introduction to Equilibrium
7.2 Direction of Reversible Reactions
Abigail Giordano
7.3 Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant
Abigail Giordano
7.4 Calculating the Equilibrium Constant
7.5 Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant
7.6 Properties of the Equilibrium Constant
7.7 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
7.8 Representations of Equilibrium
7.9 Introduction to Le Chatelier’s Principle
7.10 Reaction Quotient and Le Chatelier’s Principle
7.11 Introduction to Solubility Equilibria
7.12 Common-Ion Effect
7.13 pH and Solubility
Unit 8: Ecology
10%–15% of Exam Score
8.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases
8.2 pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases
8.3 Weak Acid and Base Equilibria
8.4 Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers
8.4 Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers
8.5 Acid-Base Titrations
8.6 Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases
8.7 pH and pKa
8.8 Properties of Buffers
8.9 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
8.10 Buffer Capacity